Lives listing by occupation: astronomer
- Herschel, Sir John Frederick William, 1st baronet of Slough (born 1792–died 1871), English mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor, photographer, botanist, academician
- Hevelius, Johannes (born 1611–died 1687), Polish astronomer, academician
- Huygens, Christiaan (born 1629–died 1695), Dutch mathematician, scientist, astronomer, physicist, horologist, academician
- Keill, John (born 1671–died 1721), Scottish scientist, astronomer, academician
- Lefrançois de Lalande, Joseph Jérôme (born 1732–died 1807), French astronomer, author, academician, freemason
- Le Gentil de La Galaisière, Guillaume Joseph Hyacinthe Jean Baptiste (born 1725–died 1792), French astronomer
- Lind, James (born 1736–died 1812), Scottish physician, astronomer, academician
- Lubbock, Sir John William, baronet (born 1803–died 1865), English astronomer, banker, academician
- Maskelyne, Reverend Doctor Nevil (born 1732–died 1811), English astronomer, academician
- Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de (born 1698–died 1759), French mathematician, biologist, astronomer, academician
- Meikleham, William (born 1771–died 1846), Scottish astronomer, philosopher
- Mendoza y Ríos, Joseph de (born 1761–died 1816), Spanish astronomer
- Molyneux, Samuel (born 1689–died 1728), English astronomer, politician, member of Parliament
- Olhoff, Johann Eric (flourished 1679–1683), Danish politician, astronomer
- Picard, père Jean, abbé Picard (born 1620–died 1682), French churchman, Catholic, astronomer, academician, editor
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